{"id":11051,"date":"2023-03-10T11:23:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T03:23:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/phuong-phap-nau-chay-thep-khong-gi-la-gi\/"},"modified":"2025-01-02T11:10:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T03:10:30","slug":"phuong-phap-nau-chay-thep-khong-gi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/phuong-phap-nau-chay-thep-khong-gi-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a crom v\u00e0 cacbon. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. <\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/h2>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u00ecn chung, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, niken, crom, v.v. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y duy nh\u1ea5t cho kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 2.550-2.790 \u00b0F. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 301, 304, 309, 316 v\u00e0 317. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. <\/p>\n

5 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2>\n

1. N\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nung c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i – th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y<\/a> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. L\u00f2 nung c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kim lo\u1ea1i. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nung c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng cho kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y nhanh v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

2. L\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. L\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u1ea1p th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0o l\u00f2. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c than ch\u00ec \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u qua m\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. L\u00f2 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u 100%. <\/p>\n

3. L\u00f2 \u0111\u00fac<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00f2 \u0111\u00fac. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng propan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao. <\/p>\n

4. L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i x\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

ESR hay Electroslag l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. ESR gi\u00fap tinh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c th\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ti\u00eau hao. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o x\u1ec9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng. <\/p>\n

5. Kh\u1eed cacbon b\u1eb1ng oxy argon<\/h3>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon b\u1eb1ng oxy argon<\/a> , hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh AOD, t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon tinh ch\u1ebf h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon trong kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Kh\u00ed oxy, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 argon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o kim lo\u1ea1i theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf cacbon monoxit kh\u1ecfi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c cacbon \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11054,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[235,234],"class_list":["post-11051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-198","tag-nong-chay-cam-ung","tag-thep-khong-gi-nong-chay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11051"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11051\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}