{"id":11284,"date":"2022-11-30T16:04:36","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T08:04:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/qua-trinh-toi-cam-ung-lam-tang-do-cung-cua-thep-nhu-the-nao\/"},"modified":"2025-01-02T11:11:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T03:11:21","slug":"qua-trinh-toi-cam-ung-lam-tang-do-cung-cua-thep-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/qua-trinh-toi-cam-ung-lam-tang-do-cung-cua-thep-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e9p, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ecdc b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<\/div>

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/a> bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c (cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n (AC) t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh ch\u00f3ng (l\u00e0m m\u00e1t) b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf phun n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gia nhi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng th\u00e9p<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng th\u00e9p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 880 \u0111\u1ebfn 1050 \u0111\u1ed9 C, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao trong th\u00e9p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4. Gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1eabu gia nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00f5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t luy\u1ec7n kim. Trong khi ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC), t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xoay chi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (724 0 C<\/sup> ). Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 hai chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng: <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Austenit<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tinh th\u1ec3 trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i austenit c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Austenit ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 FCC, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. Ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u1edf trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3, cho ph\u00e9p nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon xen k\u1ebd v\u1eeba kh\u00edt. \u0110\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a cacbon <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Martensit<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensitic li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u00e9p si\u00eau n\u00f3ng (< 1000 0<\/sup> C) ( Guterres, 2022<\/a> ). C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1eaft b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00ec l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n. Th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian th\u00e0nh austenit v\u00e0 martensite, th\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon cao h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

      Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng trong \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p<\/h2>\n

      Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n<\/th>\nS\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t<\/td>\nTinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed theo m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      BCC<\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 trung t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1edf t\u00e1m g\u00f3c, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i g\u00f3c ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      FCC<\/td>\nTrong FCC, t\u00e1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u1edf m\u1ed7i g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u00e2m m\u1ed7i m\u1eb7t, chung v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      Khi c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y sang h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t khi truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, g\u00e2y ra bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p t\u1eeb BCC sang FCC, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1eaft \u1edf t\u00e2m di chuy\u1ec3n ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, t\u1ea1o ra hoa v\u0103n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, gi\u00fap m\u00e1y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

      L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n

      Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u00f4 t\u00f4 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Khi gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0110\u1ed9 cong v\u00eanh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n so s\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng cong v\u00eanh. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cong v\u00eanh r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. <\/p>\n

              \n
            1. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00f5i, n\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p do \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/a> , khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1, tr\u1ee5c, b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, tr\u1ee5c, d\u1ea7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

              Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

              L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/a> . N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a> l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

              C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

              Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Vi\u1ec7c nung th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng tr\u1ea3i qua hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, austenit v\u00e0 martensite. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong do c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n

              \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hao m\u00f2n v\u00e0 r\u00e1ch, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/a> ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. <\/p>\n

              Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng? <\/strong><\/p>\n

              C\u00f3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng<\/a> t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11285,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[245],"class_list":["post-11284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-198","tag-lam-cung-cam-ung"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11284\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.focoinduction.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}